What are Latitude and Longitude?

Latitude

It is the angular distance of any point from the equator, measured north or south, along with the earth’s curved surface equaling the angle between the respective horizontal planes. It is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds, each minute equaling one sea-mil in length.

Longitude

It is the angle between the terrestrial meridian drawn from the pole, through a place, and a standard meridian now taken at Greenwich. All determination of longitude is based on the earth turning through 360 in 24 hours, or the sun reaching 15 west each hour.

Meridian

Imaginary circle in the sky passing through celestial poles.

Perihelion and Aphelion

The point in the orbit of a planet is called Perihelion, whereas the point of the planet’s orbit farthest from the sun is called Aphelion.